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Have Login Flash Box Red When Credentials Incorrect Jquery

lawmaking-for-a-living July 24, 2019

Making Sense of the Metadata: Clustering 4,000 Stack Overflow tags with BigQuery k-means

Felipe Hoffa, a Developer Advocate for Google Cloud, explains how he used BigQuery to organize Stack Overflow tags into interesting groups.

Avatar for Felipe Hoffa

How would you group more than four,000 agile Stack Overflow tags into meaningful groups? This is a perfect task for unsupervised learning and k-means clustering — and now you can practice all this within BigQuery. Let's find out how.

Visualizing a universe of clustered tags.

Felipe Hoffa  is a Programmer Advocate for Google Cloud. In this post he works with BigQuery  – Google's serverless information warehouse – to run 1000-ways clustering over Stack Overflow's published dataset, which is refreshed and uploaded to Google's Deject once a quarter. You can bank check out more about working with Stack Overflow data and BigQuery here  and here .

four,000+ tags are a lot

These are the about active Stack Overflow tags since 2018 — they're a lot. In this movie I only have 240 tags — how would you group and categorize 4,000+ of them?

# Tags with >180 questions since 2018 SELECT tag, COUNT(*) questions FROM `fh-bigquery.stackoverflow_archive.201906_posts_questions`,   UNNEST(SPLIT(tags, '|')) tag WHERE creation_date > '2018-01-01' GROUP BY 1 HAVING questions>180 Order Past 2 DESC
Peak Stack Overflow tags by number of questions.

Hint: Co-occurring tags

Let's find tags that usually become together:

Co-occurring tags on Stack Overflow questions

These groupings make sense:

  • 'javascript' is related to 'html'.
  • 'python' is related to 'pandas'.
  • 'c#' is related to '.cyberspace'.
  • 'typescript' is related to 'angular'.
  • etc…

So I'll accept these relationships and I'll save them on an auxiliary table — plus a percentage of how frequently a relationship happens for each tag.

CREATE OR Replace TABLE `deleting.stack_overflow_tag_co_ocurrence` AS WITH data AS (   SELECT *    FROM `fh-bigquery.stackoverflow_archive.201906_posts_questions`   WHERE creation_date > '2018-01-01' ), active_tags AS (   SELECT tag, COUNT(*) c   FROM data, UNNEST(Separate(tags, '|')) tag   Grouping BY ane   HAVING c>180 )  SELECT *, questions/questions_tag1 pct FROM (     SELECT *, MAX(questions) OVER(PARTITION BY tag1) questions_tag1     FROM (         SELECT tag1, tag2, COUNT(*) questions         FROM data, UNNEST(SPLIT(tags, '|')) tag1, UNNEST(SPLIT(tags, '|')) tag2         WHERE tag1 IN (SELECT tag FROM active_tags)         AND tag2 IN (SELECT tag FROM active_tags)         Group By ane,2         HAVING questions>xxx     ) )

One-hot encoding

Now become ready for some SQL magic. BigQuery ML does a good job of hot-encoding strings, only information technology doesn't handle arrays as I wish it did (stay tuned). So I'm going to create a cord first that will define all the columns where I desire to notice co-occurrence. Then I can use that string to get a huge table, with a 1 for every fourth dimension a tag co-occurs with the main i at least sure % of fourth dimension. Let'south come across first a subset of these results:

What you see hither is a co-occurrence matrix:

  • 'javascript' shows a relation to 'php', 'html', 'css', 'node.js', and 'jquery'.
  • 'android' shows a relation to 'java'.
  • 'machine-learning' shows a relation to 'python', but not the other way around.
  • 'multi-threading' shows a relation to 'python', 'coffee', 'c#', and 'android`
  • 'unit-testing' a relation to almost every column here, except to 'php', 'html', 'css', and 'jquery'.

Y'all tin reduce or augment the sensibility of these relations with the percent threshold:

SELECT tag1  ,IFNULL(ANY_VALUE(IF(tag2='javascript',one,null)),0) Xjavascript ,IFNULL(ANY_VALUE(IF(tag2='python',1,null)),0 ) Xpython ,IFNULL(ANY_VALUE(IF(tag2='java',i,null)),0) Xjava ,IFNULL(ANY_VALUE(IF(tag2='c#',one,null)),0) XcH ,IFNULL(ANY_VALUE(IF(tag2='android',i,null)),0) Xandroid ,IFNULL(ANY_VALUE(IF(tag2='php',1,naught)),0) Xphp ,IFNULL(ANY_VALUE(IF(tag2='html',1,zippo)),0) Xhtml ,IFNULL(ANY_VALUE(IF(tag2='css',i,null)),0) Xcss ,IFNULL(ANY_VALUE(IF(tag2='node.js',1,null)),0) XnodeDjs ,IFNULL(ANY_VALUE(IF(tag2='jquery',i,nada)),0) Xjquery ,SUM(questions) questions_tag1 FROM `deleting.stack_overflow_tag_co_ocurrence` WHERE per centum>0.03 GROUP By tag1 Club BY questions_tag1 DESC  LIMIT 100

1000-means clustering fourth dimension

Now — instead of using this pocket-size tabular array, let's use the whole table to compute k-means with BigQuery. With this line, I'k creating a one-hot encoding string that I can use later on to define the 4,000+ columns I'll use for k-means:

one_hot_big = client.query("""
SELECT STRING_AGG(
FORMAT("IFNULL(ANY_VALUE(IF(tag2='%s',one,null)),0)Ten%s", tag2, Supersede(REPLACE(REPLACE(Replace(tag2,'-','_'),'.','D'),'#','H'),'+','P'))
) one_hot
FROM (
SELECT tag2, SUM(questions) questions
FROM `deleting.stack_overflow_tag_co_ocurrence`
Grouping Past tag2
# Order BY questions DESC
# LIMIT 10
)
""").to_dataframe().iloc[0]['one_hot']

And grooming a k-ways model in BigQuery is really easy:

CREATE MODEL `deleting.kmeans_tagsubtag_50_big_a_01` OPTIONS (      model_type='kmeans',     distance_type='COSINE',     num_clusters=fifty ) Every bit WITH tag_and_subtags Equally (     SELECT tag1, %due south     FROM `deleting.stack_overflow_tag_co_ocurrence`     WHERE per centum>0.03     GROUP BY tag1 ) SELECT * EXCEPT(tag1)  FROM tag_and_subtags

Now nosotros wait — while BigQuery shows u.s.a. the progress of our grooming:

And when information technology's done, we fifty-fifty get an evaluation of our model:

Davies–Bouldin index: i.8530
Mean squared distance: 0.8174

Performance note

Do we really need iv,000 ane-hot encoded dimensions to obtain amend clusters? Turns out that 500 are enough — and I like the results ameliorate. It likewise reduces the time for training the model in BigQuery from 24 minutes to 3. The aforementioned with only 30 dimensions lowers the time to 90 seconds — but I similar the results better with 500. More on hyper-parameter tuning beneath.

500 one-hot encoded dimensions reduces fourth dimension per iteration to xxx seconds, and a lower loss.

Davies–Bouldin index: ane.6910
Mean squared altitude: 0.52332

Get prepare for the results: The 50 clusters are…

At present it's fourth dimension to see our results. I'll even look out for some tags I'm interested in: How are google,amazon, andazure represented in each cluster? These are the 50 groups that 1000-means clustering plant — given the 1-hot encoding of related tags we did earlier in this post. Some results make a lot of sense — while others give slap-up insight into what are the prevalent surrounding technologies to whatsoever Stack Overflow tag. Naming each centroid is always a challenge. Here I used the top 5 centroid weight vectors — see how below.

centroid 45: amazon-web-services, aws-lambda, amazon-s3, amazon-ec2, python
—–
amazon-web-services, amazon-s3, aws-lambda, amazon-ec2, amazon-dynamodb, terraform, aws-sdk, amazon-cloudformation, amazon-redshift, aws-api-gateway, amazon-cognito, boto3, cloud, alexa, amazon-rds, amazon-elastic-beanstalk, amazon-ecs, alexa-skills-kit, amazon-cloudfront, serverless, aws-cli, amazon-iam, amazon-cloudwatch, rubberband-beanstalk, amazon-sqs, serverless-framework, amazon-athena, aws-amplify, aws-appsync, amazon-sns, alexa-skill, amazon-route53, amazon, amazon-kinesis, amazon-sagemaker, autoscaling, amazon-elb, amazon-ses, aws-cognito, aws-iot, terraform-provider-aws, api-gateway, amazon-vpc, aws-serverless, aws-codepipeline, aws-codebuild, amazon-rds-aurora, bitnami, amazon-lex, aws-step-functions, aws-code-deploy, aws-iam, aws-fargate, dynamodb-queries, boto

amazon: amazon-cognito, amazon-ses, amazon-redshift, aws-lambda, amazon-ecs, amazon-s3, amazon-web-services, amazon-athena, aws-api-gateway, amazon-rds, amazon, amazon-cloudfront, amazon-lex, aws-iot, amazon-elb, aws-code-deploy, amazon-cloudwatch, aws-cli

centroid 17: android, java, android-layout, android-recyclerview, kotlin
—–
android, json, xml, kotlin, android-studio, android-recyclerview, android-layout, android-fragments, xslt, serialization, android-intent, retrofit2, android-activity, android-room, nullpointerexception, retrofit, gson, android-volley, textview, android-viewpager, xml-parsing, recycler-adapter, android-edittext, android-sqlite, protocol-buffers, xsd, deserialization, android-constraintlayout, android-asynctask, fragment, android-compages-components, android-livedata, imageview, scrollview, android-databinding, android-glide, android-animation, xquery, xslt-1.0, android-jetpack, android-manifest, navigation-drawer, adapter, bottomnavigationview, xslt-two.0, android-toolbar, onclicklistener, android-tablayout, android-cardview, android-spinner, android-adapter, picasso, android-linearlayout, transformation, android-drawable, android-architecture-navigation, android-imageview, android-custom-view, json-deserialization, android-view, android-actionbar, searchview, biztalk, android-coordinatorlayout, android-lifecycle, android-softkeyboard, floating-activeness-button, recyclerview-layout, swipe, android-relativelayout, android-xml, android-collapsingtoolbarlayout, android-push button, android-scrollview, saxon, android-nestedscrollview, android-styles, xml-namespaces, xsl-fo, android-fragmentactivity, android-dialogfragment, android-viewholder, xml-serialization

centroid 7: android, coffee, javascript, ios, python
—–
android-gradle, bluetooth, rx-java2, build.gradle, dependencies, rx-java, google-play, sdk, android-ndk, corda, video-streaming, android-emulator, libgdx, android-webview, apk, location, java-native-interface, google-play-services, dagger-2, adb, codenameone, android-viii.0-oreo, google-places-api, android-notifications, android-studio-3.0, broadcastreceiver, spoken communication-recognition, arcore, sharedpreferences, streaming, gps, android-service, version, coordinates, androidx, native, sms, hither-api, android-photographic camera, android-permissions, uri, android-mediaplayer, locale, vert.ten, exoplayer, google-maps-markers, settings, alarmmanager, spinner, proguard, okhttp3, text-to-speech, okhttp, updates, android-camera2, android-source, whatsapp, nfc, share, inputstream, google-fabric, xmpp, reckoner, manifest, wifi, mpandroidchart, android-9.0-pie, rx-android, call, android-workmanager, mp4, hls, video-processing, release, barcode, android-support-library, alertdialog, android-viewmodel, dji-sdk, barcode-scanner, filepath, sip, google-cloud-messaging, gradle-plugin, android-arrayadapter, screen, payment, toolbar, google-play-panel, dagger, mp3, indexoutofboundsexception, ejabberd, httpurlconnection, libraries, android-proguard, coroutine, h.264, simpledateformat, jacoco, background-process, rtsp, offline, root, sensor, splash-screen, android-bluetooth, android-testing, android-resources, android-boob tube, emulation, android-bitmap, android-listview, multipart, chromecast, android-broadcastreceiver, video-capture, google-maps-android-api-two, pojo, android-canvas, visibility, broadcast, google-play-games, dao, kotlin-android-extensions, avd, lint, android-jobscheduler, android-library, kotlinx.coroutines, firebase-mlkit, expandablelistview, obfuscation, android-contentprovider, appcelerator, mvp, live-streaming, in-app-billing, android-context, audio-streaming, standard arabic, android-alertdialog, kotlin-coroutines, zxing, android-videoview, fingerprint, braintree, audio-recording, deprecated, job-scheduling, android-wifi, wear-os, bottom-sheet, android-things, device, mark, correct-to-left, google-login, mobile-application, media-player, countdowntimer, opengl-es-2.0, nullable, confront-detection, exoplayer2.x, android-viii.1-oreo, beacon, drawable, gradlew, mapbox-android, classnotfoundexception, parcelable, android-keystore, vocalism-recognition, toast, aar, google-places, android-theme, android-progressbar, paging, accelerometer, playback, gradle-kotlin-dsl, samsung-mobile, photo, ibeacon, android-appcompat, noclassdeffounderror, branch.io, rtmp, sceneform, foreground-service, google-cast, appcelerator-titanium, android-widget, logcat, android-pendingintent, android-fileprovider, android-gps, sha1, jodatime, android-sensors, android-appbarlayout, surfaceview, mpeg-dash, android-mvvm

google: google-maps-android-api-2, google-play-services, google-material, google-places, google-places-api, google-play-console, google-cast, google-login, google-maps-markers, google-play-games, google-play, google-deject-messaging

centroid 28: angular, typescript, javascript, angular6, angular5
—–
athwart, typescript, angular6, angular5, rxjs, angular-cloth, angular7, service, appreciable, routing, angular-cli, components, angular-reactive-forms, karma-jasmine, primeng, ag-grid, angularfire2, angular-material2, ngrx, reactive-programming, httpclient, angular-ui-router, athwart-routing, lazy-loading, rxjs6, ngfor, angular-forms, angular-httpclient, angular2-routing, angular-components, angular-router, rx-swift, ng-bootstrap, angular2-forms, angular-universal, angular2-template, angular-services, angular-directive, material, angular4-forms, ngx-bootstrap, typescript2.0, angular2-services, ngrx-store, subscription, rxjs5, angular2-directives, ngrx-effects, athwart-cloth-6, angular-cli-v6, athwart-http-interceptors, redux-observable, subscribe, angular-pipe, angular-promise, angular2-observables, reactivex, athwart-ngmodel, angular-cdk, tsconfig

centroid 20: apache-spark, coffee, scala, hadoop, python
—–
apache-spark, scala, pyspark, apache-kafka, hadoop, apache-spark-sql, hive, cassandra, apache-flink, jupyter, hdfs, bigdata, playframework, spark-streaming, sbt, apache-nifi, hiveql, apache-kafka-streams, akka, hbase, pyspark-sql, mapreduce, kafka-consumer-api, rdd, spark-dataframe, amazon-emr, yarn, user-defined-functions, parquet, cassandra-3.0, cluster-computing, avro, databricks, apache-kafka-connect, aws-glue, spark-structured-streaming, flink-streaming, kerberos, apache-zookeeper, sqoop, confluent, presto, kafka-producer-api, impala, akka-stream, hadoop2, apache-spark-mllib, traits, apache-zeppelin, cloudera, datastax, apache-storm, distributed-computing, akka-http, data-modeling, apache-spark-dataset, guice, google-cloud-dataproc, gatling, jmx, hortonworks-data-platform, apache-pig, apache-spark-ml, oozie, azure-databricks, scalatest, cql, playframework-2.6, datastax-enterprise, phoenix, confluent-schema-registry, mesos, implicit, implicit-conversion, ksql, scala-collections, spark-submit, hdinsight, ambari

google: google-cloud-dataproc
amazon: amazon-emr, aws-gum
azure: azure-databricks

centroid 12: fustigate, python, linux, trounce, java
—–
macos, ubuntu, ansible, ssh, raspberry-pi, terminal, vim, raspberry-pi3, subprocess, environs-variables, centos, console, command-line-interface, piping, arguments, jq, homebrew, iot, applescript, printf, escaping, sftp, windows-subsystem-for-linux, raspbian, exec, redhat, stdout, zsh, alias, wget, eval, paramiko, filenames, glob, command-line-arguments, stdin, remote-admission, sudo, file-permissions, slurm, putty, gpio, tar, tmux, rsync, expect, ksh, jsch, scp, ssh-tunnel, cat, portforwarding, openssh

centroid 8: c#, .net, asp.internet-core, .net-core, java
—–
logging, exception, error-handling, azure-functions, reflection, configuration, azure-cosmosdb, f#, logstash, exception-handling, azure-web-sites, elastic-stack, azure-service-fabric, console-application, effort-catch, wix, azure-awarding-insights, nunit, core, autofac, xunit, dapper, nest, nhibernate, dotnet-httpclient, nlog, httpwebrequest, serilog, log4net, inversion-of-control, identity, unity-container, webclient, blazor, .net-standard-ii.0, system.reactive, clr, type-inference, asp.net-core-signalr, asp.internet-core-identity, app-config, masstransit, fluentd, google-cloud-stackdriver, winston, .net-framework-version, ninject, .net-cadre-two.0, claims-based-identity, syslog, kestrel-http-server

google: google-cloud-stackdriver
azure: azure-cosmosdb, azure-web-sites, azure-functions, azure-application-insights, azure-service-textile

centroid xviii: c#, asp.net, asp.net-mvc, asp.internet-core, entity-framework
—–
c#, asp.net, .net, asp.net-mvc, asp.cyberspace-core, .internet-cadre, entity-framework, linq, asp.net-web-api, model-view-controller, iis, entity-framework-core, dependency-injection, razor, asp.internet-cadre-two.0, asp.net-cadre-mvc, wcf, entity-framework-6, json.cyberspace, kendo-ui, asp.internet-core-webapi, webforms, asp.internet-mvc-five, identityserver4, asp.net-identity, asp.net-spider web-api2, asp.net-core-ii.1, asp.net-mvc-4, signalr, odata, kendo-grid, automapper, c#-iv.0, web-config, razor-pages, windows-services, moq, ado.net, aspnetboilerplate, ef-code-start, ef-core-2.0, asp.cyberspace-core-ii.2, linq-to-sql, asp-classic, umbraco, ef-core-two.ane, asp.net-ajax, ef-migrations, iis-viii, connection-string, windows-authentication, linq-to-entities, repository-pattern, swashbuckle, npgsql, iis-7, dbcontext, hangfire, iis-10, iis-express, model-binding, ef-cadre-2.ii, windows-server-2012, signalr-hub, iis-seven.5, linq-to-xml

centroid x: c#, azure, python, coffee, javascript
—–
azure, botframework, azure-sql-database, bots, azure-storage, chatbot, timeout, azure-storage-blobs, report, ssrs-2012, azure-data-factory, telegram-bot, azure-spider web-app-service, expression, azure-logic-apps, ibm-watson, refactoring, domain-driven-design, azureservicebus, gzip, azure-resource-director, azure-iot-hub, twilio-api, azure-data-manufacturing plant-2, azure-data-lake, vpn, azure-virtual-machine, microsoft-teams, luis, cord-formatting, game-physics, google-banana-sdk, ssrs-2008, game-development, ads, mesh, windows-7, virtual-reality, vuforia, microsoft-cognitive, azure-webjobs, azure-keyvault, azure-api-management, credentials, directx, facebook-messenger, collision-detection, arm-template, sprite, rdlc, game-engine, azure-search, azure-eventhub, physics, azure-blob-storage, desktop-application, factory, software-design, hololens, u-sql, installer, collision, azure-cli, reporting, google-abode, azure-table-storage, azure-cognitive-services, unityscript, startup, azure-bot-service, mysql-connector, ienumerable, qnamaker, instantiation, builder, ssrs-tablix, azure-cosmosdb-sqlapi, azure-stream-analytics, quaternions, reportviewer, skype, azure-auto-learning-studio, azure-servicebus-queues, skype-for-business, ssrs-2008-r2, azure-virtual-network, win-universal-app, azure-log-analytics, unity5, csom, dialogflow-fulfillment

google: google-assistant-sdk, google-domicile
azure: azure-webjobs, azure-log-analytics, azure-virtual-machine, azure-sql-database, azure-api-direction, azure-iot-hub, azure-web-app-service, azure-information-factory-ii, azure-table-storage, azure-servicebus-queues, azure-bot-service, azure-virtual-network, azure-data-factory, azure-cognitive-services, azure-blob-storage, azure-storage-blobs, azure-logic-apps, azure-resource-manager

centroid 44: c#, javascript, coffee, oauth-two.0, php
—–
api, authentication, security, facebook, oauth-ii.0, jump-security, cookies, jwt, azure-active-directory, cors, postman, microsoft-graph, login, oauth, microservices, agile-directory, ldap, jhipster, authorisation, passport.js, keycloak, token, azure-ad-b2c, single-sign-on, passwords, sharepoint-online, telegram, spring-security-oauth2, single-page-application, linkedin, google-signin, openid-connect, session-cookies, owin, csrf, auth0, google-oauth2, saml, access-token, linkedin-api, laravel-passport, saml-2.0, google-authentication, xss, azure-powershell, adal, bones-authentication, azure-advertizing-graph-api, session-variables, msal, oidc, openid, express-session, bearer-token, logout, refresh-token

google: google-authentication, google-signin, google-oauth2
azure: azure-advertisement-graph-api, azure-active-directory, azure-powershell, azure-ad-b2c

centroid 19: c#, visual-studio, visual-studio-2017, .internet, xamarin.forms
—–
visual-studio, xamarin, xamarin.forms, visual-studio-2017, xaml, uwp, azure-devops, xamarin.android, build, reporting-services, tfs, ssis, xamarin.ios, nuget, visual-studio-2015, msbuild, crystal-reports, windows-installer, nuget-package, mono, cross-platform, azure-pipelines-release-pipeline, .net-standard, mvvmcross, visual-studio-2019, visual-studio-2010, c++-cli, visual-studio-2013, sql-server-information-tools, roslyn, resharper, publish, mstest, .net-assembly, visual-studio-2012, azure-devops-rest-api, tfs2017, azure-pipelines-build-task, visual-studio-mac, tfs2018, tfsbuild, visual-studio-extensions, visual-studio-debugging, visual-studio-app-center, csproj, tfs2015, vsix, azure-mobile-services, picker, tfvc, xamarin.uwp

azure: azure-devops, azure-devops-residual-api, azure-pipelines-release-pipeline, azure-mobile-services, azure-pipelines-build-job

centroid 36: c#, wpf, winforms, javascript, vb.internet
—–
wpf, vb.cyberspace, winforms, user-interface, listview, charts, events, mvvm, datatable, checkbox, information-binding, datagridview, timer, sapui5, gridview, combobox, binding, drag-and-drop, carte, datagrid, knockout.js, popup, window, textbox, styles, treeview, listbox, telerik, uwp-xaml, devexpress, resources, vb6, user-controls, prism, viewmodel, controls, datetimepicker, webbrowser-command, cefsharp, panel, contextmenu, windows-ten-universal, wpfdatagrid, windows-forms-designer, custom-controls, wpf-controls, richtextbox, clickonce, observablecollection, picturebox, mvvm-calorie-free, gdi+, menuitem, backgroundworker

centroid 2: c++, c, python, linux, coffee
—–
c++, c, c++eleven, templates, assembly, cmake, gcc, memory, opengl, arduino, makefile, visual-c++, boost, c++17, lua, compiler-errors, x86, linux-kernel, retentiveness-direction, compilation, retentivity-leaks, operating-system, io, c++14, fortran, arm, serial-port, cuda, char, language-lawyer, segmentation-fault, clang, linker, stack, gdb, garbage-collection, macros, stl, g++, kernel, embedded, byte, malloc, shared-libraries, out-of-memory, nodes, processing, usb, x86-64, stm32, double, cython, buffer, pthreads, mips, signals, operator-overloading, runtime, gtk, llvm, commuter, include, opengl-es, cygwin, operators, chip-manipulation, structure, overloading, nasm, precision, gnu-brand, ros, gstreamer, mingw, const, variadic-templates, eigen, heap, gtk3, embedded-linux, esp8266, linux-device-driver, compiler-construction, warnings, cpu, cross-compiling, clion, qt-creator, profiling, ctypes, std, codeblocks, intel, return-value, system, newline, sdl-two, microcontroller, system-calls, pass-by-reference, valgrind, boost-asio, opposite-applied science, dynamic-memory-allocation, move, linker-errors, googletest, c-preprocessor, heap-retentiveness, static-libraries, function-pointers, sdl, template-meta-programming, benchmarking, arduino-uno, libcurl, interrupt, vtk, x86-16, compiler-optimization, constants, stdvector, 64-flake, binaryfiles, bit, swig, quicksort, shared-memory, eclipse-cdt, constexpr, primes, bitwise-operators, x11, shared-ptr, clang++, glfw, binary-search, header-files, singly-linked-list, arduino-esp8266, ld, i2c, principal, multiple-inheritance, gnu, smart-pointers, ram, simd, declaration, esp32, preprocessor, elf, undefined-behavior, bison, qtquick2, sfinae, variadic-functions, mingw-w64, unique-ptr, avr, masm, free, typedef, doubly-linked-listing, generic-programming, compiler-warnings, glibc, kernel-module, movement-semantics, automobile, bootloader, c-strings, inline-assembly, ncurses, mmap, stdmap, glm-math, qmake, bit-shift, endianness, cpu-registers, template-specialization, pid, operator-precedence, retention-address

google: googletest

centroid 24: css, html, javascript, bootstrap-four, angular
—–
html, css, jquery, html5, css3, bootstrap-4, twitter-bootstrap, flexbox, sass, datatables, highcharts, html-table, twitter-bootstrap-3, layout, frontend, datepicker, drop-downwards-bill of fare, css-grid, bootstrap-modal, momentjs, responsive-blueprint, modal-dialog, dropdown, grid, responsive, tabs, font-awesome, navbar, carousel, media-queries, themes, tooltip, alignment, overflow, less, css-position, react-bootstrap, border, accordion, dt, css-transforms, angular-ui-bootstrap, nav, z-index, grid-layout, utc, reactstrap, vertical-alignment, pseudo-element, linear-gradients, mixins, collapse, popover, athwart-datatables, angular-flex-layout, centering

centroid 31: delphi, c++, c#, winapi, windows
—–
delphi, winapi, dll, mfc, com, firemonkey, firebird, c++builder, delphi-10.2-tokyo, pinvoke, pascal, indy

centroid 25: django, python, django-models, django-residuum-framework, python-iii.x
—–
django, django-models, django-rest-framework, django-views, django-forms, django-templates, django-admin, django-queryset, django-orm, django-urls, django-2.0, django-serializer, django-allauth, django-filter, django-class-based-views, django-migrations, serializer

centroid 34: docker, kubernetes, python, google-cloud-platform, java
—–
docker, go, kubernetes, elasticsearch, google-cloud-platform, docker-compose, google-app-engine, dockerfile, deployment, rabbitmq, google-cloud-storage, yaml, airflow, google-kubernetes-engine, containers, kibana, google-compute-engine, google-deject-dataflow, drupal, virtual-motorcar, apache-axle, openshift, prometheus, ibm-cloud, grpc, docker-swarm, kubernetes-helm, grafana, gcloud, traefik, google-cloud-datastore, kubectl, load-balancing, google-cloud-sql, kubernetes-ingress, monitoring, google-deject-pubsub, istio, minikube, nginx-opposite-proxy, voice communication-to-text, alpine, docker-automobile, filebeat, google-translate, google-speech communication-api, iptables, stackdriver, docker-volume, docker-container, azure-aks, nginx-ingress, daemon, google-cloud-vision, google-vision, azure-kubernetes, google-cloud-composer, openshift-origin, kubeadm, dataflow, amazon-eks, service-accounts, rancher, docker-registry, docker-image, nfs, google-deject-speech, kops, jupyterhub, rbac, google-cloud-endpoints, standard-sql, google-cloud-build, docker-networking

google: google-cloud-build, google-cloud-datastore, google-voice communication-api, google-cloud-dataflow, google-cloud-storage, google-cloud-platform, google-kubernetes-engine, google-cloud-sql, google-cloud-speech, google-compute-engine, google-deject-composer, google-cloud-endpoints, google-cloud-vision, google-vision, google-cloud-pubsub, google-translate, google-app-engine
amazon: amazon-eks
azure: azure-aks, azure-kubernetes

centroid 21: excel, vba, excel-vba, c#, python
—–
excel, vba, excel-vba, google-sheets, ms-access, excel-formula, powerbi, outlook, sharepoint, ms-give-and-take, access-vba, office365, apache-poi, sap, dax, formatting, pin-table, office-js, runtime-error, lucifer, powerpoint, outlook-vba, formula, access, row, vsto, ssas, multiple-columns, powerquery, spreadsheet, vlookup, average, extract, userform, unique, ms-office, excel-2010, word-vba, ms-access-2010, excel-2016, rows, ms-access-2016, onedrive, openxml, powerbi-desktop, copy-paste, transpose, conditional-formatting, office-addins, office-interop, epplus, xlsxwriter, interop, phpspreadsheet, paste, shapes, offset, powerpivot, win32com, powerbi-embedded, export-to-excel, python-docx, countif, array-formulas, autofill, powerpoint-vba, activex, ms-access-2013, solver, m, business organisation-intelligence, xls, ado, ssas-tabular, adodb, xlrd, delete-row, sumifs, openxml-sdk, excel-interop, add-in, excel-2013, worksheet, excel-addins

google: google-sheets

centroid 4: git, github, jenkins, python, docker
—–
git, jenkins, github, jenkins-pipeline, gitlab, continuous-integration, sonarqube, bitbucket, jenkins-plugins, gitlab-ci, devops, azure-pipelines, svn, version-control, phpstorm, webhooks, repository, travis-ci, jekyll, artifactory, cantlet-editor, jira, pipeline, github-pages, teamcity, slack, push, gitlab-ci-runner, git-bash, github-api, continuous-deployment, branch, nexus, circleci, workflow, git-merge, diff, jenkins-groovy, clone, git-submodules, gitignore, atlassian-sourcetree, pull-request, bitbucket-pipelines, patch, commit, git-branch, versioning, mercurial, gnupg, git-commit, gerrit, rebase, open-source, githooks, allure, ssh-keys, git-push button

azure: azure-pipelines

centroid 33: java, hibernate, spring, spring-boot, jpa
—–
hibernate, jpa, spring-information-jpa, spring-data, solr, orm, transactions, spring-batch, wildfly, mapping, many-to-many, lucene, h2, entity, liquibase, jpql, ejb, hql, multi-tenant, persistence, jump-information-rest, hibernate-mapping, eclipselink, querydsl, one-to-many, jump-transactions, hikaricp, criteria, hibernate-criteria, gorm, ehcache, jpa-ii.0, criteria-api, entitymanager, transactional

centroid 39: java, python, c#, node.js, android
—–
http, ssl, sockets, roll, server, networking, websocket, encryption, https, socket.io, proxy, openssl, tcp, ssl-certificate, cryptography, http-headers, certificate, localhost, udp, mqtt, connexion, customer, ip, reverse-proxy, network-programming, aes, rsa, port, tls1.2, chat, customer-server, lets-encrypt, cloudflare, haproxy, real-time, virtualhost, wireshark, keystore, ipc, x509certificate, zeromq, bouncycastle, django-channels, tcpclient, http-proxy, serversocket, telnet, cryptojs, public-key-encryption, private-cardinal, tcp-ip, x509, client-certificates, certbot, tor, multicast

centroid thirty: java, rest, jump, jump-boot, javascript
—–
java, spring-boot, spring, rest, maven, eclipse, spring-mvc, tomcat, jsp, jdbc, spider web-services, lather, servlets, swagger, jackson, java-ee, thymeleaf, netbeans, web-applications, apache-camel, compages, salesforce, spring-webflux, jersey, httprequest, jax-rs, wsdl, http-post, multipartform-data, tomcat8, soapui, response, resttemplate, cxf, httpresponse, rest-assured, api-design, struts2, soap-customer, jstl, restsharp, jump-balance, leap-test, bound-restcontroller, jax-ws, put, endpoint, http-status-codes, struts, leap-web

centroid 22: java, jump-boot, bound, maven, eclipse
—–
gradle, intellij-idea, neo4j, jsf, jar, grails, jboss, spring-cloud, spring-integration, jaxb, internationalization, log4j, eclipse-plugin, swagger-ui, jms, websphere, emmet, activemq, vaadin, spring-kafka, pom.xml, log4j2, project-reactor, weblogic, java-11, netty, jetty, maven-3, javamail, crud, java-9, bound-cloud-stream, couchbase, ibm-mq, weblogic12c, datasource, glassfish, hazelcast, logback, osgi, hybris, openapi, project, maven-plugin, netflix-eureka, mybatis, cloudfoundry, reactive, eclipse-rcp, swagger-2.0, slf4j, netflix-zuul, quartz-scheduler, jetbrains-ide, leap-kicking-actuator, lombok, spring-jdbc, sonarqube-browse, war, cdi, javabeans, tomcat7, interceptor, swt, coffee-10, freemarker, bound-kick-test, aop, jdbctemplate, dependency-management, spring-deject-config, aspectj, bound-aop, flyway, amqp, classpath, bound-jms, jackson-databind, bound-cloud-dataflow, spring-websocket, spring-amqp, pivotal-cloud-foundry, spring-cloud-netflix, cucumber-jvm, executable-jar, spring-integration-dsl, swagger-codegen, tomcat9, spring-data-redis, javadoc, jndi, consul, intellij-plugin, dto, maven-surefire-plugin, hystrix, stomp, bean-validation, gateway, mapstruct, birt, spring-tool-suite, backdrop-file, jackson2, camunda, springfox, jump-data-neo4j, spring-rabbitmq, jump-session, pydev, xtext, servlet-filters, payara, code-formatting, jump-deject-gateway

google: google-maps

centroid 15: javascript, angular, android, typescript, visual-studio-code
—–
ionic-framework, npm, visual-studio-code, ionic3, google-maps, cordova, debugging, electron, nativescript, ionic4, ionic2, meteor, autocomplete, geolocation, cordova-plugins, markdown, vscode-settings, phonegap, ide, webstorm, vscode-extensions, decorator, editor, ionic-native, onesignal, keyboard-shortcuts, angular2-nativescript, xdebug, hybrid-mobile-app, intellisense, nativescript-angular, tslint, remote-debugging, html-framework-vii, breakpoints, syntax-highlighting, vscode-debugger, pylint, ibm-mobilefirst, jsdoc, nativescript-vue, prettier, windbg, phonegap-plugins, lawmaking-snippets, inappbrowser, phonegap-build

centroid 42: javascript, html, c#, android, python
—–
unity3d, image, tkinter, svg, animation, canvas, three.js, chart.js, scroll, 3d, html5-canvas, photographic camera, geometry, css-animations, bitmap, rotation, aframe, icons, glsl, shader, fabricjs, rendering, webgl, css-transitions, transform, png, scrollbar, transition, textures, blender, html2canvas, drawing, mask, linechart, draw, jquery-animate, angular-animations, konvajs, raycasting, webvr

centroid 43: javascript, html, jquery, css, reactjs
—–
d3.js, leaflet, google-maps-api-3, magento, magento2, ethereum, jquery-ui, cakephp, jinja2, primefaces, extjs, ember.js, fullcalendar, maps, ckeditor, mapbox, solidity, materialize, jquery-select2, dialog, angularjs-directive, recaptcha, openlayers, coldfusion, polymer, gis, react-apollo, styled-components, tinymce, progress-bar, geojson, javascript-events, position, apollo-client, undefined, addeventlistener, sharepoint-2013, semantic-ui, amcharts, spider web-deployment, joomla, settimeout, render, p5.js, openstreetmap, chemical element, instagram-api, parent-child, liquid, mapbox-gl-js, focus, angularjs-ng-repeat, setinterval, react-admin, warning, polygon, dom-events, web-component, textarea, react-select, href, web3, contact-form-vii, zoom, facebook-javascript-sdk, refresh, graphql-js, overlay, height, slick, content-security-policy, jqgrid, html5-sound, filibuster, anchor, blogger, html-select, kid-procedure, jquery-plugins, width, html-lists, kendo-asp.net-mvc, loading, zurb-foundation, id, bind, whitespace, dropzone.js, onchange, semantic-ui-react, owl-carousel, media, video.js, hide, netlify, groundwork-color, mucilaginous, geocoding, native-base, webpage, inline, tampermonkey, slick.js, grade-data, padding, ternary-operator, effect-listener, facebook-messenger-bot, underscore.js, formik, jquery-validate, quill, dc.js, highlight, react-tabular array, electron-builder, bulma, jquery-selectors, fullscreen, multi-select, innerhtml, slideshow, parallax, draggable, footer, styling, react-component, jquery-mobile, selector, swiper, infinite-scroll, contenteditable, sidebar, jquery-ui-datepicker, mobx-react, grade-submit, shadow-dom, courage.js, each, margin, html-course, mathjax, jquery-ui-autocomplete, viewport, c3.js, adsense, sweetalert2, web-evolution-server, keypress, jquery-ui-sortable, facebook-php-sdk, sweetalert, centre, font-awesome-v, react-proptypes, placeholder, summernote, font-face up, react-context, web-frontend, ref, css-float, parent, wysiwyg, getelementbyid, font-size, higher-order-functions, lifecycle, dropzone, partial-views, asyncstorage, wai-aria, spfx, custom-element, jstree, bootstrap-datepicker, line-breaks, react-dom, fancybox, css-tables, stylesheet, react-google-maps, react-leaflet, timepicker, option, facebook-marketing-api, gsap, crossfilter, draftjs, directive, fixed, show-hibernate

google: react-google-maps, google-maps-api-three

centroid 1: javascript, python, html, java, android
—–
wordpress, woocommerce, javafx, swing, google-bigquery, button, google-api, video, google-analytics, plugins, kivy, youtube, onclick, calendar, dynamics-crm, youtube-api, widget, background, slider, radio-button, event-handling, salvage, amp-html, compression, google-tag-manager, javafx-8, click, hover, fxml, analytics, brandish, firebase-analytics, mouseevent, resize, background-prototype, size, listener, google-analytics-api, cross-domain, toggle, jpeg, google-data-studio, google-adwords, rgb, submit, gif, pixel, crop, gallery, tiff, thumbnails, paradigm-resizing, exif, user-experience, src, pillow

google: google-adwords, google-bigquery, google-api, google-tag-manager, google-data-studio, google-analytics-api, google-analytics

centroid 26: javascript, reactjs, node.js, typescript, react-native
—–
javascript, node.js, reactjs, firebase, react-native, flutter, firebase-realtime-database, webpack, dart, redux, google-cloud-firestore, ecmascript-6, react-redux, firebase-authentication, google-cloud-functions, jestjs, promise, async-await, react-router, firebase-cloud-messaging, import, push button-notification, dialogflow, material-ui, module, react-navigation, react-native-android, expo, fetch, gulp, mocha, firebase-storage, actions-on-google, create-react-app, enzyme, material-design, jsx, flutter-layout, lodash, boom-boom, navigation, es6-promise, node-modules, apollo, state, npm-install, babeljs, eslint, gatsby, react-native-ios, javascript-objects, react-router-v4, next.js, yarnpkg, webpack-4, react-hooks, redux-grade, prestashop, firebase-security-rules, flowtype, react-router-dom, typescript-typings, webpack-dev-server, antd, redux-saga, redux-thunk, router, package.json, react-native-flatlist, firebase-admin, react-props, react-native-navigation, mobx, firebaseui, es6-modules, firebase-hosting, aurelia, pm2, immutability, serverside-rendering, action, setstate, gruntjs, requirejs, ecmascript-5, flutter-dependencies, ssr, react-native-firebase, angular-dart, es6-class, require, laravel-mix, arrow-functions, react-native-maps, npm-scripts, palpitate-animation, workbox, firebase-cli, destructuring, boom-boom-loader, immutable.js, minify, browserify, node-sass, nodemon, firebase-security, angularfire, reducers, loader, bower

google: google-cloud-functions, actions-on-google, google-deject-firestore

centroid 13: javascript, selenium, google-chrome, html, selenium-webdriver
—–
selenium, google-chrome, selenium-webdriver, xpath, dom, google-chrome-extension, firefox, caching, automation, iframe, selenium-chromedriver, mobile, browser, internet-explorer, safari, webdriver, css-selectors, google-chrome-devtools, webrtc, progressive-spider web-apps, service-worker, local-storage, internet-explorer-11, html5-video, microsoft-edge, ignite, phantomjs, chromium, cross-browser, webdriverwait, capybara, screenshot, cpu-architecture, mobile-safari, firefox-addon, webkit, geckodriver, firefox-webextensions, google-chrome-headless, browser-enshroud, webdriver-io, v8, specflow, selenium-grid, html-agility-pack, memcached, guava, devtools, cucumber-java, headless, domdocument, extentreports, selenium-ide, watir, cache-control, google-chrome-app, browser-automation, rselenium, mozilla

google: google-chrome, google-chrome-headless, google-chrome-devtools, google-chrome-app, google-chrome-extension

centroid 6: javascript, vue.js, vuejs2, vuex, webpack
—–
vue.js, express, vuejs2, axios, vue-component, vuex, vuetify.js, xmlhttprequest, vue-router, nuxt.js, fetch-api, vue-cli, vue-cli-iii, store, nuxt, bootstrap-vue, vue-exam-utils, chemical element-ui, vee-validate

centroid 40: mongodb, node.js, javascript, python, express
—–
mongodb, qt, mongoose, graphql, pyqt5, pyqt, mongodb-query, aggregation-framework, discord, qml, qt5, nosql, discord.js, discord.py, aggregate, ejs, handlebars.js, pymongo, backend, schema, mongoose-schema, mean-stack, sails.js, pug, nestjs, loopbackjs, pyqt4, spring-data-mongodb, multer, geospatial, hateful, fs, aggregation, lookup, loopback, apollo-server, parse-server, pyside2, bcrypt, mongodb-.net-driver, certificate, pyside, qt-designer, mongoengine, body-parser, discord.py-rewrite, projection, mern, mongoose-populate, qthread, mlab, joi, passport-local, pyqtgraph, bson, sharding, express-handlebars

centroid five: multithreading, java, python, concurrency, c++
—–
multithreading, asynchronous, parallel-processing, concurrency, multiprocessing, callback, queue, celery, jvm, chore, python-asyncio, synchronization, dask, python-multiprocessing, thread-condom, locking, mpi, openmp, singleton, pickle, python-multithreading, opencl, futurity, threadpool, mutex, task-parallel-library, tornado, deadlock, aiohttp, atomic, look, executorservice, semaphore, completable-time to come, handler, goroutine, channel, race-condition, volatile, pool, runnable, coffee-threads, synchronous, async.js, producer-consumer, synchronized, java.util.concurrent, blocking

centroid 11: oracle, sql, plsql, oracle11g, database
—–
oracle, plsql, stored-procedures, oracle11g, triggers, db2, oracle12c, sql-server-2014, oracle-sqldeveloper, oracle-apex, cursor, database-trigger, apex, oracle10g, sqlplus, oracle-apex-5.1, procedure, dynamic-sql, cx-oracle, oracle-adf, oracleforms, hierarchical-data, plsqldeveloper, oracle-apex-5

centroid 38: pdf, html, python, php, c#
—–
pdf, merge, webview, printing, fonts, r-markdown, download, base64, puppeteer, itext, hyperlink, latex, export, blob, imagemagick, ocr, pdf-generation, adobe, jspdf, pdfbox, itext7, embed, docx, digital-signature, wkhtmltopdf, fpdf, mpdf, tcpdf, dompdf, ghostscript, acrobat, pypdf2, reportlab

centroid 9: php, laravel, laravel-5, mysql, javascript
—–
php, laravel, ajax, laravel-5, codeigniter, validation, eloquent, session, file-upload, model, pagination, codeigniter-three, laravel-5.6, controller, laravel-5.5, migration, upload, laravel-5.7, laravel-blade, laravel-five.four, relational-database, laravel-5.ii, php-7, human relationship, lumen, middleware, php-seven.2, octobercms, guzzle, paradigm-uploading, laravel-v.8, algolia, query-builder, phpexcel, jobs, laravel-query-architect, laravel-v.3, roles, artisan, laravel-nova, php-carbon, laravel-4, laravel-5.1, homestead, pusher, laravel-eloquent, blade, laravel-routing, laravel-dusk, relation, shared-hosting, eager-loading

centroid 47: php, wordpress, javascript, woocommerce, python
—–
google-apps-script, electronic mail, notifications, google-drive-api, paypal, stripe-payments, gmail, smtp, attributes, wordpress-theming, google-calendar-api, google-visualization, google-oauth, google-sheets-api, product, phpmailer, youtube-data-api, advanced-custom-fields, gmail-api, hook-woocommerce, outlook-addin, metadata, google-sheets-formula, cart, html-electronic mail, google-app-maker, claw, exchangewebservices, payment-gateway, custom-post-type, substitution-server, checkout, east-commerce, sendgrid, field, content-management-organization, nodemailer, categories, gsuite, google-form, admin, mailchimp, comments, web-hosting, outlook-web-addins, orders, wordpress-residuum-api, customization, imap, google-docs, rss, custom-wordpress-pages, custom-taxonomy, shortcode, outlook-restapi, electronic mail-attachments, google-sheets-query, mailgun, google-api-php-client, woocommerce-rest-api, wordpress-gutenberg, google-apis-explorer, attachment, gmail-addons, price, sendmail, icalendar, blogs, registration, custom-fields, multisite, google-admin-sdk, shipping, gravity-forms-plugin, google-api-client, archive, pagespeed, smtplib, mime, meta, google-api-nodejs-client, contact-class, taxonomy, google-api-python-client, business relationship, stock

google: google-sheets-api, google-docs, google-oauth, google-apps-script, google-sheets-query, google-sheets-formula, google-api-php-client, google-api-nodejs-client, google-visualization, google-admin-sdk, google-calendar-api, google-apis-explorer, google-api-python-client, google-form, google-app-maker, google-api-client, google-drive-api

centroid 23: postgresql, sql, python, javascript, mysql
—–
sqlite, flask, sqlalchemy, hyperledger-material, odoo, hyperledger, elixir, blockchain, hyperledger-composer, flask-sqlalchemy, sequence, couchdb, psycopg2, psql, postgis, pyodbc, knex.js, plpgsql, jsonb, jooq, typeorm, postgresql-9.5, ecto, postgresql-10, marshalling, connexion-pooling, postgresql-9.6, database-replication, unmarshalling, pgadmin-4, pgadmin, recursive-query, postgresql-9.4, crosstab, go-gorm, database-backups, postgresql-9.3, rds, heroku-postgres

centroid 35: python, java, c++, c#, windows
—–
windows, powershell, batch-file, ffmpeg, audio, cmd, windows-10, path, stream, directory, process, vbscript, prolog, ftp, time-complexity, copy, command, zero, file-io, ocaml, scheduled-tasks, storage, big-o, binary-search-tree, registry, scheme, binary-tree, text-files, dynamic-programming, rename, exe, echo, control-prompt, hashtable, powershell-v3.0, filereader, batch-processing, wmi, stack-overflow, file-handling, windows-server-2016, windows-server-2012-r2, bufferedreader, taskscheduler, fstream, hyper-v, readfile, depth-first-search, fibonacci, ifstream, backtracking

centroid 3: python, java, javascript, arrays, c#
—–
arrays, string, listing, role, loops, csv, algorithm, dictionary, performance, for-loop, file, sorting, class, object, if-statement, oop, haskell, recursion, pointers, variables, generics, java-8, matrix, rust, filter, optimization, indexing, math, lambda, arraylist, inheritance, input, multidimensional-array, search, random, vector, data-structures, time, struct, types, methods, while-loop, foreach, design-patterns, dynamic, functional-programming, collections, java-stream, sas, parameters, enums, nested, interface, constructor, linked-list, syntax, casting, tree, hashmap, binary, backdrop, scope, reference, type-conversion, floating-point, iterator, null, tuples, static, format, set, provisional, iteration, range, switch-statement, return, append, numbers, boolean, output, int, concatenation, polymorphism, hex, compare, initialization, namespaces, integer, pattern-matching, grouping, logic, key, filtering, parameter-passing, list-comprehension, apply, subset, global-variables, slice, vectorization, provisional-statements, combinations, scanf, java.util.scanner, character, lapply, comparison, this, 2d, override, counter, numpy-ndarray, permutation, user-input, rounding, nested-loops, abstract-form, instance, reduce, paradigm, itertools, global, reverse, subclass, comparator, fundamental-value, increment, min, infinite-loop, contains, do-while, associative-array, mergesort, abstract, indexof, break, bubble-sort

centroid 48: python, java, javascript, r, php
—–
typo3, wso2, clojure, sublimetext3, drupal-viii, acumatica, jframe, docusignapi, teradata, emacs, netsuite, karate, verilog, jasper-reports, marklogic, sparql, vhdl, sympy, autodesk-forge, knitr, erlang, yocto, tcl, odoo-eleven, cakephp-iii.0, mule, phoenix-framework, drupal-7, integration, racket, netlogo, autohotkey, uml, drools, node-ruby, stata, magento-1.ix, common-lisp, aem, opencart, abap, line, python-sphinx, jtable, yii, pentaho, wagtail, coq, regex-lookarounds, slack-api, bioinformatics, openstack, perl6, antlr4, awt, rcpp, upgrade, tweepy, jpanel, macos-high-sierra, documentation, jsonschema, actionscript-3, vmware, wildcard, microsoft-dynamics, prestashop-one.7, typo3-viii.x, zend-framework, lisp, gwt, elasticsearch-5, distance, smartcontracts, talend, wso2-am, slim, sfml, bulletin-queue, estimator-science, scenebuilder, yii2-avant-garde-app, rdf, inno-setup, fpga, flask-wtforms, bitcoin, clipboard, special-characters, unreal-engine4, hana, preg-supercede, gdal, flash, nginx-config, wso2esb, system-verilog, arangodb, wso2is, netbeans-viii, uuid, graphviz, liferay, omnet++, spatial, encode, powershell-v4.0, paypal-sandbox, http2, dynamics-365, local, ip-address, servicestack, hdf5, firewall, kdb, executable, linear-programming, add together, orientdb, angularjs-scope, cplex, pymysql, xpages, phaser-framework, maya, powershell-v2.0, nginx-location, adfs, limit, abstract-syntax-tree, variable-consignment, elementtree, wav, mouse, splunk, asterisk, pandoc, publish-subscribe, simulink, webassembly, packages, complexity-theory, ansible-2.x, python-decorators, preg-friction match, regex-negation, minecraft, spotfire, nested-lists, pcre, gfortran, percentage, matching, monads, jbutton, gsub, numba, sitecore, watson-conversation, dropwizard, edit, frequency, vulkan, cdn, mime-types, wrapper, php-curl, jersey-2.0, scapy, converters, zapier, attributeerror, elm, panel.log, web3js, kentico, moodle, intervals, anylogic, multilingual, logical-operators, glm, vlc, owl, autodesk-viewer, dojo, z3, arcgis, classloader, pyomo, sybase, antlr, md5, indexeddb, powerapps, data-conversion, http-status-code-403, web-worker, external, alfresco, airflow-scheduler, finance, typo3-9.ten, cpu-usage, pouchdb, ibm-midrange, ping, truffle, qemu, dask-distributed, selection, apache-httpclient-4.ten, jsonpath, sha256, coding-fashion, polymer-ii.x, zipfile, vps, symbols, mediawiki, calculation, okta, smarty, blueprism, netcdf, zend-framework3, genetic-algorithm, snmp, repeat, plesk, signature, doxygen, qgis, dlib, jena, ckeditor4.x, tortoisesvn, face-recognition, bulletin, number-formatting, dropbox, lm, default, spss, perforce, assert, uart, acl, symlink, suitescript2.0, kendo-ui-angular2, getter-setter, jira-rest-api, crm, sleep, indentation, prompt, assay, lme4, ironpython, breadth-longitude, grammar, dotnetnuke, cqrs, gaussian, regex-greedy, koa, yum, numerical-methods, haskell-stack, scala-cats, hugo, rpc, priority-queue, openldap, popen, shapefile, var, partition, record, combinatorics, ada, nio, pentaho-data-integration, appium-ios, scheduling, pyautogui, snakemake, product-environment, lwjgl, computational-geometry, scaling, tabulator, lifetime, naming-conventions, jsf-2, lotus-notes, javac, numeric, odoo-8, modeling, salesforce-lightning, silverstripe, bookdown, websphere-freedom, virtualization, wxwidgets, ramda.js, hapijs, reload, marklogic-9, snapshot, bureaucracy, server-side, cakephp-iii.x, prestashop-ane.half-dozen, schedule, unix-timestamp, difference, ontology, readline, configuration-files, opendaylight, block, wolfram-mathematica, rpm, logstash-grok, currency, mount, remote-server, destructor, nsis, captcha, feathersjs, code-generation, hardware, django-ii.i, suitescript, typoscript, jython, trim, distributed-system, zabbix, vaadin8, nodemcu, magento2.2, string-matching, shuffle, ckeditor5, mixed-models, fedora, ipv6, new-operator, ember-data, llvm-clang, exit, webcam, str-supplant, big-data, simplexml, rules, elasticsearch-aggregation, rhel, dsl, ethernet, event-sourcing, vimeo, hashset, date-formatting, zlib, standards, bamboo, converter, liferay-7, file-go-contents, solrcloud, servicenow, logstash-configuration, xhtml, virtual, pywin32, equals, intersection, micronaut, product, cs50, fopen, elasticsearch-vi, lazy-evaluation, server-sent-events, extbase, interpret, python-module, tabular, libreoffice, sml, private, apostrophe-cms, tostring, bitbake, actionlistener, restore, activiti, mypy, opencart-iii, janusgraph, rank, multiplication, keyword, archlinux, optaplanner, imagick, informix, flex-lexer, photoshop, pyaudio, openlayers-three, reset, sentry, umbraco7, messaging, lotus-domino, fiddler, interactive, jlabel, folium, bigcommerce, transparency, nullreferenceexception, operator-keyword, tracking, keyboard-events, twitter-oauth, static-methods, polymer-iii.x, prisma, mule-esb, string-comparing, counting, layout-manager, gherkin, inner-classes, docker-for-windows, checksum, imagemagick-convert, connect, php-7.one, sublimetext, wso2carbon, python-telegram-bot, react-native-router-flux, desktop, paypal-rest-sdk, php-five.6, division, typeclass, identityserver3, mapbox-gl, wix-react-native-navigation, sample, betoken-clouds, web-audio, vertica, java-time, mosquitto, dllimport, dump, covariance, cytoscape.js, cgal, r-bundle, installshield, eigen3, point-cloud-library, ngx-datatable, sampling, vapor, clojurescript, auto-increment, overlap, ibm-deject-infrastructure, echarts, web-audio-api, hp-uft, office365api, ngx-translate, shortcut, paho, ember-cli, rfid, applet, swap, predicate, host, detox, cas, jsf-2.2, trigonometry, sandbox, beagleboneblack, filestream, numpy-broadcasting, xsd-validation, fgets, ghc, serenity-bdd, spi, duration, jna, unzip, fiware, rhel7, long-integer, pentaho-spoon, cpython, crystal-lang, assertion, string-concatenation, compatibility, java-module, fluid, meta-tags, wildfly-x, hashicorp-vault, apache-karaf, roblox, gurobi, install4j, development-environment, static-assay, ffi, h5py, django-authentication, urlencode, directx-eleven, salt-stack, r-raster, pseudocode, hsqldb, django-celery, fatal-error, pywinauto, peewee, p2p, tinymce-iv, mysql-5.7, openlayers-5, vis.js, palindrome, angular-template, resteasy, kable, quickbooks, monaco-editor, rdp, solrj, file-transfer, language-agnostic, mustache, java-seven, naudio, velocity, wikidata, copy-constructor, countdown, wtforms, montecarlo, wso2ei, sitemap, stringbuilder, geoserver, joomla3.0, symbolic-math, bytecode, high-availability, sharepoint-2010, assign, semantic-spider web, rtf, vmware-clarity, odoo-12, informatica, volume, jit, monogame, super, eof, syncfusion, rust-cargo, dataweave, stack-trace, browser-sync, arduino-ide, blogdown, advice, rider, favicon, fill, processbuilder, biginteger, labview, resampling, normal-distribution, linear, angular4-router, hierarchical-clustering, drag, modbus, diagram, give-and-take, org-mode, admin-on-residuum, equation, webrequest, tinkerpop3, restful-authentication, lib, tizen, user-agent, survival-assay, point, fragment-shader, tableau-server, ansible-inventory, delete-file, code-injection, clickhouse, text-editor, kettle, angularjs-fabric, date-range, rpy2, complex-numbers, graphene-python, coded-ui-tests, midi, programming-languages, web-push, pine-script, equality, holoviews, sapply, quotes, jtextfield, emscripten, sas-macro, athwart-http, varnish, phalcon, typing, freeze, opentok, password-protection, anonymous-part, resolution, remote-desktop, cryptocurrency, hpc, default-value, tsc, multiline, chromium-embedded, treemap, substitution, arm64, shutil, supervisord, at-command, interpreter, packet, google-search, dynamics-crm-online, can-bus, neo4j-apoc, ranking, httpserver, gsm, freebsd, centos6, yield, c++-winrt, fread, anypoint-studio, jboss7.x, type-hinting, wixcode, epoch, uninstall, autoit, smartcard, wikipedia, angular-service-worker, cosine-similarity, protege, schema.org, typescript-generics, dropbox-api, verification, composition, windows-server, using, hmac, dry, ag-grid-angular, median, messenger, rethinkdb, thingsboard, xilinx, named-pipes, office-ui-fabric, dynamics-crm-365, heroku-cli, date-format, imputation, jfreechart, wiremock, packaging, outliers, target, typo3-vii.6.x, ngrok, audit, models, jboss-eap-7, moving-average, 32bit-64bit, strapi, views, silverstripe-4, rasa-core, content-type, issue-loop, textinput, smoothing, surface, explode, getusermedia, 7zip, confidence-interval, watch, freertos, zend-framework2, circular-dependency, qliksense, repeater, cjk, clock, django-testing, flick, csrf-protection, shopping-cart, encapsulation, paypal-ipn, json-ld, cobol, key-bindings, relative-path, hashcode, thrift, bing-maps, localdate, dicom, netezza

google: google-search

centroid 37: python, machine-learning, tensorflow, python-iii.x, keras
—–
tensorflow, numpy, keras, machine-learning, opencv, matlab, deep-learning, scikit-learn, image-processing, neural-network, scipy, nlp, pytorch, estimator-vision, conv-neural-network, lstm, data-science, regression, classification, dataset, gpu, nltk, google-colaboratory, linear-regression, artificial-intelligence, object-detection, cluster-analysis, generator, spacy, interpolation, logistic-regression, svm, information-assay, tesseract, random-woods, tensorflow-datasets, bazel, signal-processing, recurrent-neural-network, opencv3.0, fft, tensorboard, gensim, sparse-matrix, word2vec, cv2, h2o, cantankerous-validation, tensor, caffe, xgboost, reshape, reinforcement-learning, stanford-nlp, linear-algebra, one thousand-means, tensorflow-computer, prediction, rnn, keras-layer, pca, probability, bend-fitting, decision-tree, text-mining, tensorflow-serving, loss-office, object-detection-api, google-deject-ml, metrics, mathematical-optimization, image-partition, matrix-multiplication, autoencoder, tensorflow-lite, r-caret, text-classification, sentiment-analysis, scikit-image, convolution, preparation-data, chiselled-data, tensorflow.js, knn, mnist, valueerror, sklearn-pandas, gradient-descent, weka, yolo, python-tesseract, word-embedding, characteristic-extraction, tokenize, emgucv, feature-selection, predict, coreml, similarity, normalization, 1-hot-encoding, backpropagation, convolutional-neural-network, ode, lda, tf-idf, openai-gym, image-recognition, theano, naivebayes, rasa-nlu, detection, grid-search, data-mining, differential-equations, layer, torch, roc, mxnet, camera-calibration, topic-modeling, cudnn, kaggle, confusion-matrix, tensorflow2.0, doc2vec, distributed, embedding, tfrecord, recommendation-engine, multilabel-classification, ner

google: google-colaboratory, google-cloud-ml

centroid 46: python, php, apache, python-3.x, ubuntu
—–
apache, nginx, .htaccess, web, url, pip, anaconda, redirect, pycharm, dns, ubuntu-sixteen.04, permissions, url-rewriting, package, mod-rewrite, installation, conda, centos7, ubuntu-eighteen.04, debian, virtualenv, python-import, install, apache2, url-redirection, vagrant, webserver, virtualbox, cpanel, gunicorn, digital-body of water, http-condition-code-404, config, hosting, subdomain, systemd, uwsgi, wamp, nvidia, setuptools, ubuntu-14.04, mod-wsgi, pipenv, url-routing, mamp, httpd.conf, environment, query-string, seo, wsgi, subdirectory, setup.py, wampserver, permalinks, pypi, apache2.4, lamp, apt, http-status-code-301, miniconda, http-redirect

centroid 50: python, python-3.x, python-2.7, pandas, javascript
—–
python, python-iii.ten, pandas, dataframe, python-2.vii, web-scraping, datetime, parsing, beautifulsoup, post, python-requests, scrapy, request, pygame, python-three.6, pandas-groupby, encoding, unicode, get, utf-viii, twitter, character-encoding, header, python-3.7, web-crawler, python-imaging-library, pyinstaller, spyder, tags, consign-to-csv, typeerror, odoo-10, openpyxl, jsoup, regex-group, python-iii.v, ascii, series, urllib, wxpython, lxml, turtle-graphics, xlsx, rvest, nan, argparse, python-2.x, mysql-python, datetime-format, kivy-language, emoji, importerror, screen-scraping, scrapy-spider, pyserial, html-parsing, python-xarray, flask-restful, tkinter-sail, cheerio, frame, odoo-9, cx-freeze, twisted, tk, python-datetime, python-unicode, decoding, httr, tkinter-entry, timedelta

centroid 16: python, unix, fustigate, sed, linux
—–
regex, linux, bash, shell, unix, perl, awk, sed, text, replace, split, cron, control-line, grep, scripting, sh, find, substring, filesystems, notepad++, fork, posix, scheduler, cgi, delimiter, text-processing, aix, cut, solaris

centroid 29: r, python, ggplot2, plot, matplotlib
—–
r, matplotlib, ggplot2, dplyr, shiny, jupyter-notebook, plot, graph, time-series, statistics, colors, plotly, julia, rstudio, graphics, seaborn, naught, tidyverse, bokeh, data-visualization, bar-chart, label, networkx, histogram, ipython, purrr, tidyr, visualization, gremlin, gnuplot, influxdb, igraph, shinydashboard, legend, heatmap, octave, graph-theory, simulation, data-manipulation, correlation, raster, plotly-nuance, statsmodels, data-cleaning, na, matlab-effigy, mutate, besprinkle-plot, boxplot, multi-index, stringr, dashboard, forecasting, scale, lubridate, r-plotly, missing-information, graph-databases, arima, pie-chart, graph-algorithm, jupyter-lab, axis, geopandas, shiny-server, distribution, breadth-beginning-search, sparklyr, bayesian, lag, sf, tibble, subplot, matplotlib-basemap, xts, contour, plyr, anova, axis-labels, shortest-path, shiny-reactivity, ggmap, dijkstra, effigy, rlang, facet, ggplotly, zoo

centroid 49: carmine, ruby-on-rails, ruby-on-rails-five, javascript, activerecord
—–
cherry-red-on-runway, postgresql, ruby, heroku, redis, cherry-on-rail-5, yii2, hash, activerecord, routes, shopify, ruby-on-rails-4, rspec, rubygems, devise, chef, ruddy-on-rails-3, bundle, rail-activestorage, associations, rails-activerecord, puppet, ruby-on-rails-five.2, metaprogramming, rspec-track, activeadmin, bundler, coffeescript, shopify-app, sidekiq, carrierwave, passenger, sinatra, simple-form, nokogiri, cloudinary, capistrano, puma, webpacker, mongoid, actioncable, erb, haml, rake, paperclip, mill-bot

centroid 41: sql, sql-server, mysql, database, postgresql
—–
sql, mysql, sql-server, database, tsql, appointment, mysqli, join, select, grouping-past, mariadb, sequelize.js, pdo, phpmyadmin, sql-server-2008, data.table, count, sql-server-2012, xampp, database-design, duplicates, view, sum, timestamp, pivot, foreign-keys, sql-update, mysql-workbench, timezone, tableau, insert, ssms, odbc, constraints, sql-server-2016, etl, subquery, max, syntax-error, left-join, case, database-connectedness, decimal, inner-join, prepared-statement, full-text-search, database-migration, sql-order-by, query-optimization, sql-server-2008-r2, sql-server-2017, sql-insert, union, backup, aggregate-functions, where, partitioning, common-table-expression, distinct, query-performance, concat, oledb, innodb, replication, window-functions, sql-injection, mdx, primary-key, greatest-north-per-grouping, where-clause, database-performance, sql-delete, data-warehouse, rdbms, sql-like, database-administration, ddl, entity-human relationship, bulkinsert, ssis-2012, calculated-columns, resultset, derby, database-schema, sql-server-2005, create-table, database-normalization, temp-tables

centroid fourteen: swift, ios, xcode, objective-c, android
—–
ios, swift, xcode, objective-c, uitableview, swift4, iphone, uicollectionview, facebook-graph-api, realm, bluetooth-lowenergy, twilio, core-data, cocoa, admob, cocoapods, alamofire, arkit, swift3, crash, uiview, tableview, localization, keyboard, autolayout, sprite-kit, frameworks, uiviewcontroller, augmented-reality, uikit, wkwebview, scenekit, accessibility, closures, in-app-buy, instagram, xcode10, uinavigationcontroller, avfoundation, uibutton, apple tree-push-notifications, uiscrollview, uitextfield, delegates, crashlytics, app-store, uicollectionviewcell, ios11, protocols, macos-mojave, ios12, xcode9, storyboard, uinavigationbar, qr-lawmaking, uilabel, uiimageview, uitabbarcontroller, ipad, optional, decode, uiimage, cell, metallic, segue, mapkit, deep-linking, swift4.2, parse-platform, codable, spotify, uitextview, avplayer, itunesconnect, facebook-login, gradient, touch on, audiokit, cocoa-touch on, textfield, assets, ios-simulator, uistackview, uisearchbar, uiwebview, thousand-primal-acceleration, firebase-dynamic-links, watchkit, voip, nslayoutconstraint, fastlane, uiimagepickercontroller, iphone-ten, nsattributedstring, interface-builder, viewcontroller, uipickerview, nsuserdefaults, core-bluetooth, decodable, xctest, extension-methods, apple tree-scout, nsurlsession, core-location, code-signing, navigationbar, uialertcontroller, orientation, uigesturerecognizer, objectmapper, swift-playground, keychain, core-graphics, xib, uisearchcontroller, lldb, swift-protocols, avaudioplayer, tvos, cloudkit, shadow, appdelegate, contacts, statusbar, swift4.ane, testflight, mkmapview, ios-autolayout, uibezierpath, gesture, uipageviewcontroller, wellness-kit, uitabbar, cllocationmanager, calayer, xcuitest, provisioning-profile, icloud, uicollectionviewlayout, geofire, uistoryboard, metalkit, pdfkit, plist, uiviewanimation, swifty-json, collectionview, uibarbuttonitem, ipa, xcode-ui-testing

centroid 32: symfony, php, symfony4, javascript, mysql
—–
forms, symfony, symfony4, composer-php, twig, doctrine, annotations, doctrine-orm, phpunit, symfony-3.4, translation, autowired, symfony-forms, sonata-admin, api-platform.com, fosuserbundle, swiftmailer, information-annotations, sonata

centroid 27: testing, coffee, javascript, unit-testing, automated-tests
—–
angularjs, unit-testing, testing, groovy, junit, jmeter, protractor, mockito, automated-tests, jasmine, mocking, cucumber, appium, pytest, testng, robotframework, integration-testing, cypress, performance-testing, android-espresso, code-coverage, e2e-testing, junit5, chai, python-unittest, junit4, sinon, karma-runner, ui-automation, load, appium-android, nightwatch.js, load-testing, tdd, katalon-studio, testcafe, jest, bdd, spock, powermockito, powermock, codeception, jmeter-plugins, rpa, qa, cucumberjs, jmeter-4.0, athwart-test, robolectric

Full lawmaking

The code I used to create and display the previous results:

clusters = 50 percent = '01' one_hot_dimensions = 50  model = 'deleting.kmeans_tagsubtag_%s_big_a_%s_%s' % (clusters, percent,one_hot_dimensions) clusters_temp_table = 'deleting.clusters_%s_result_a_%s_%due south' % (clusters, percent, one_hot_dimensions)  one_hot_p = client.query(""" SELECT STRING_AGG(   FORMAT("IFNULL(ANY_VALUE(IF(tag2='%%s',1,null)),0)X%%s", tag2, Supplant(Supervene upon(REPLACE(Supersede(tag2,'-','_'),'.','D'),'#','H'),'+','P'))  ) one_hot FROM (   SELECT tag2, SUM(questions) questions    FROM `deleting.stack_overflow_tag_co_ocurrence`   GROUP BY tag2   ORDER By questions DESC   LIMIT %due south )""" % one_hot_dimensions).to_dataframe().iloc[0]['one_hot']  client.query(""" CREATE OR Supplant MODEL `%s`  OPTIONS (      model_type='kmeans',     distance_type='COSINE',     num_clusters=%southward ) As WITH tag_and_subtags AS (     SELECT tag1, %due south     FROM `deleting.stack_overflow_tag_co_ocurrence`     WHERE per centum>0.%s     GROUP BY tag1 ) SELECT * EXCEPT(tag1) FROM tag_and_subtags """ % (model, clusters, one_hot_p, percentage)).to_dataframe()  df = client.query(""" CREATE OR Replace TABLE %southward Equally WITH tag_and_subtags Equally (     SELECT tag1, MAX(questions) questions, %southward     FROM `deleting.stack_overflow_tag_co_ocurrence`     WHERE percent>0.%southward     Group Past tag1 )  SELECT centroid_id  , STRING_AGG(tag1, ', ' Social club Past questions DESC) tags  , ARRAY_TO_STRING(ARRAY_AGG(IF(tag1 LIKE '%%google%%', tag1, null)  IGNORE nulls LIMIT 18), ', ') google_tags  , ARRAY_TO_STRING(ARRAY_AGG(IF(tag1 LIKE '%%amazon%%' OR tag1 Similar '%%aws%%', tag1, nil)  IGNORE nulls LIMIT xviii), ', ') amazon_tags  , ARRAY_TO_STRING(ARRAY_AGG(IF(tag1 Like '%%azure%%', tag1, null)  IGNORE nulls LIMIT 18), ', ') azure_tags  , COUNT(*) c FROM ML.PREDICT(MODEL `%southward`    , (SELECT * FROM tag_and_subtags ) ) Group Past 1 Social club Past c DESC """ % (clusters_temp_table, one_hot_p, percent, model)).to_dataframe()  df = customer.query(""" SELECT centroid_id, c, yeah, tags     , IFNULL(google_tags, '') google_tags     , IFNULL(amazon_tags, '') amazon_tags     , IFNULL(azure_tags, '') azure_tags FROM `%due south`  JOIN (   SELECT centroid_id     , STRING_AGG(Replace(REPLACE(REPLACE(Supervene upon(Supervene upon(characteristic,'_','-'),'D','.'),'H','#'),'P','+'), '10', ''), ', ' ORDER Past numerical_value DESC  LIMIT 5) yes   FROM ML.CENTROIDS(MODEL `%southward`   )   GROUP BY 1 )  USING(centroid_id) ORDER Past yep """ % (clusters_temp_table, model)).to_dataframe()  for alphabetize, row in df.iterrows():     print('centroid %s: %s\northward-----' % (row['centroid_id'],  row['yep']))     impress(row['tags'])     print()     if row['google_tags']:         print('google: %s' % row['google_tags'])     if row['amazon_tags']:         impress('amazon: %s' % row['amazon_tags'])     if row['azure_tags']:         print('azure: %south' % row['azure_tags'])     print('\northward')

Note that I joined my results withML.CENTROIDS() — which gives me the top differentiating occurring tags for each centroid — even if they are non part of each cluster.

And that'southward all it takes

Are y'all surprised by the results? Or surprised by how like shooting fish in a barrel was to run our k-means modeling with BigQuery? Or curious for why I chosealtitude-blazon: 'COSINE' for this problem? Now it's your plough to play :). Cheque the BigQuery docs for creating models and the thou-means tutorial.

Lak's thoughts

How would you lot choose the best parameters? Cheque Lak Lakshmanan mail for hyper-parameter tuning. Lak also had some interesting ideas virtually dimensionality reduction for clustering via matrix factorization — but we'll leave that for a future post. As an untested preview: Once you have the co-occurrence of tag1 and tag2, care for information technology as a recommendation problem, i.e. tag2 is what tag1 liked percent of the time. And then, you can do matrix factorization:

CREATE OR REPLACE MODEL deleting.tag1_tag2
OPTIONS (
model_type='matrix_factorization',
user_col='tag1', item_col='tag2', rating_col='percent10' )
AS
SELECT tag1, tag2, per centum*10 AS percent10
FROM advdata.stack_overflow_tag_co_ocurrence

From this matrix factorization, you will take tag1_factors and tag2_factors which are essentially an embedding of the tags learned from the data. Concatenate these and cluster it instead …

SELECT feature, factor_weights
FROM ML.WEIGHTS( MODEL deleting.tag1_tag2 )
WHERE processed_input = 'tag1' and feature Similar '%google%'

Desire more?

I'm Felipe Hoffa, a Developer Abet for Google Cloud. Tweet me @felipehoffa, my previous posts on medium.com/@hoffa, and all about BigQuery on reddit.com/r/bigquery – including predicting when will Stack Overflow reply. Tags: big information, BigQuery, bulletin, google cloud, k-means clustering

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Source: https://stackoverflow.blog/2019/07/24/making-sense-of-the-metadata-clustering-4000-stack-overflow-tags-with-bigquery-k-means/

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